The United Nations' plan of action for people, planet and prosperity. The 2030 Agenda was adopted at the United Nations Sustainable Development Summit on 25th September 2015. It seeks to shift the world onto a sustainable and resilient path, with the ultimate aims of freeing the human race from poverty, and healing the planet.

A blockchain is a digital register of records which share linked to one another via cryptography. It records the same set of data in each transaction with a supply chain. In the case of cobalt, it records the origin, weight, size, chain of custody, and information showing the participants' adherence to OECD guidelines on responsible sourcing of minerals. It also guarantees that the information contained in these records cannot be changed without detection.

The total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions produced directly and indirectly by an individual, event, organisation, service, place or product. Carbon footprints are measured in tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) per year.

Net-zero greenhouse gas emissions. This can be achieved by removing GHG emissions (e.g. via carbon offsetting) or eliminating them completely from product life cycles, including their use phase and end of life.

The practice of compensating for emissions of carbon dioxide or other greenhouse gases, for example by planting trees that absorb carbon dioxide. Offsets are measured in tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e)

Circularity, or circular economy, is a concept for reducing a society's resource consumption and the resulting environmental impact through the use of multiple circular strategies like reduce, reuse, repair, repurpose and recycle.

We consider materials to be circular when they are produced using waste, renewable materials, or recycled content, or when they are designed to be easily repairable, recyclable or reusable.

In order to compare emissions of greenhouse gases according to their global warming potential, we convert amounts of other gases to the equivalent (e) amount of carbon dioxide (CO2)

An assessment that considers impacts at each stage of a product's life cycle, from the time natural resources are extracted from the ground and processed through each subsequent stage of manufacturing, transportation, product use, recycling, and ultimately, disposal or recycling.

Natural fuels like coal, oil and gas, formed from the remaions of living organisms. Fossil fuels are being used up far more quickly than they are being replenished.

Gases that contribute to global warming, e.g. carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), as well as freons.CFC's/ Greenhouse gases are often quantified as a mass unit of CO2e, where 'e' is short for equivalent.

When light from the sun hits the Earth, some is reflected back into space, and the rest becomes heat. Greenhouse gas absorb and reflect this heat, preventing it from escaping into space. The result is a steady warming of the planet.

A deceptive form of marketing, which aims to persuade people that an organisation's products, aims and policies are more environmentally friendly than they really are.

The opposite of greenwashing. When a business deliberately withholds information about its sustainability practices, hoping to avoid scrutiny and criticism. Companies can shy away from talking about the steps they are taking in the right direction, because they do not want to be seen to not be perfect. The result is that consumers and other stakeholders are not kept informed, eductaed and inspired about actual progress.

Consecutive and interlinked stages of a product system, from raw material acquisition or generation from natural resources to final disposal

A study done to determine the environmental impact of a product. It also provides a framework to measure said impact, along with steps towards a stated goal, such as how to make that product more sustainable.

Net zero is achieved when the amount of emissions is balanced out by the amount removed from the atmosphere. Net zero can refer to either carbon dioxide or to all greenhouse gases.

The Paris Agreement is a legally binding international treaty on climate change, signed by almost every nation on the planet (195 countries)

Renewable energy is useful energy that is collected from renewable resources, which are naturally replenished on a human timescale, including carbon neutral sources like solar, wind, and hydro power.